Héctor Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Paloma Rodríguez Sevilla, Emma Martín Rodríguez, Dirk H. Ortgies, Marco Pedroni, Adolfo Speghini, Marco Bettinelli, Daniel Jaque and Patricia Haro-González
3D remote control of multifunctional fluorescent up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) using optical forces is being required for a great variety of applications including single-particle spectroscopy, single-particle intracellular sensing, controlled and selective light-activated drug delivery and light control at the nanoscale. Most of these potential applications find a serious limitation in the reduced value of optical forces (tens of fN) acting on these nanoparticles, due to their reduced dimensions (typically around 10 nm). In this work, this limitation is faced and it is demonstrated that the magnitude of optical forces acting on UCNPs can be enhanced by more than one order of magnitude by a controlled modification of the particle/medium interface. In particular, substitution of cationic species at the surface by other species with higher mobility could lead to UCNPs trapping with constants comparable to those of spherical metallic nanoparticles.
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